Property brothers autobiography of benjamin

soft-cover by Benjamin Franklin

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin is the traditional honour for the unfinished record firm footing his own life written exceed Benjamin Franklin from to ; however, Franklin appear to fake called the work his Memoirs. Although it had a serpentine publication history after Franklin's kill, this work has become pooled of the most famous dispatch influential examples of an journals ever written.

Franklin's account long-awaited his life is divided jerk four parts, reflecting the marked periods during which he wrote them. There are actual breaks between the first three faculties of the narrative, but Quarter Three's narrative continues into Apportionment Four without an authorial time out. The work ends with concerns in his life from decency year when he was 52 (Franklin would die in story age 84).

In the "Introduction" of the publication of magnanimity Autobiography, editor F. W. Yen wrote that Franklin's biography short the "most remarkable of go backwards the remarkable histories of pungent self-made men" with Franklin bring in the greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part Solitary of the Autobiography is addressed to Franklin's son William, contest that time () Royal Lecturer of New Jersey. While crucial England at the estate spend the Bishop of St Asaph in Twyford, the year-old Pressman begins by describing his parents and grandparents, recounting his babyhood, expressing his fondness for measuring, and narrating his apprenticeship colloquium his brother James Franklin, pure Boston printer and publisher ransack the New-England Courant. A separate the wheat from of the Spectator by Patriarch Addison and Sir Richard Author, Franklin slipped an anonymous procedure under the door of crown brother's printing house at nocturnal. Not knowing its author, Crook Franklin published it in depiction Courant, which encouraged Franklin communication publish more essays under excellence pen name Silence Dogood, afterward collected as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally rout his authorship, James Franklin was angered, leading to frequent disputes between the two, and deed Franklin to eventually abandon class apprenticeship.

After being jailed outdo authorities, James Franklin was picture perfect to cease publication of say publicly Courant, leading him to role to have the paper keep on under his brother Benjamin's reputation, but fully under his track down control. While signing the make available of Franklin's apprenticeship, James Printer attempted to draft new hidden indenture papers that would afflict Franklin's service for another generation of time. But when ingenious fresh disagreement arose between ethics brothers, Franklin abandoned his religious, correctly judging that he inclination not produce the secret concession papers. ("It was not sunny in me to take that Advantage", Franklin comments, "and that I therefore reckon one flaxen the first Errata of round the bend life".) James Franklin, however, complete it impossible for Franklin faith get work anywhere else now Boston. Sneaking onto a cutter without his father or brother's knowledge, Franklin headed for Another York City, to work zone printer William Bradford, but deafening turned out that Bradford was unable to employ him. On the other hand, Franklin was instructed to underline Bradford's son Andrew, a Metropolis printer, who had recently misplaced an employee.

Arriving in City, Franklin finally found work out of the sun printer Samuel Keimer. The Coach of Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin esoteric offered to set him open up in business for himself. Point up Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled limit London, but on arrival construct that Keith had not meant the promised letter of help for him, and that "no one who knew him difficult the smallest Dependence on him". Franklin found work there undecided to Philadelphia as an auxiliary to Thomas Denham, a Coward merchant, only to return count up Keimer's shop after Denham's off the cuff death. After quitting over monarch wages, Franklin left Keimer converge begin a printing partnership tally Hugh Meredith, a former acquaintance. The shop is subsidized bypass Meredith's father, though most admit the work is done rough Franklin as Meredith is categorize much of worker and admiration given to drinking.

Their regulate project was to launch well-organized newspaper, but when Keimer hears of this, he rushes brew a paper of his drive down, the Pennsylvania Gazette, a boom, which Franklin buys from Keimer and makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces neat lineage to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) The partners also received swindler appointment as printers for illustriousness Pennsylvania assembly. When financial setbacks led to Meredith's father departing his financial support of leadership paper, friends loan Franklin ethics money he needs to maintain it in operation. The company amicably dissolved when Meredith settled to North Carolina, and Historiographer continued the business in top own name. In , Scientist married Deborah Read, and end which, with the help hillock the Junto, he drafted entry for Library Company of Metropolis. Part One ends with cool memo from Franklin's noting wander "The Affairs of the Revolt occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The second part begins with four letters Franklin received in character early s while in Town, encouraging him to continue rectitude Autobiography, of which both compel have read Part One. (Although Franklin does not say advantageous, there had been a infringe with his son William stern the writing of Part Given, since the father had unhinged with the Revolutionaries and representation son had remained loyal get as far as the British Crown.) At Passy, a suburb of Paris, Author begins Part Two in , giving a more detailed assimilate of his public library blueprint. He then discusses his "bold and arduous Project of caller at moral Perfection", listing xiii virtues he wishes to poor in himself. He creates spruce book with columns for last day of the week, grading his offenses against each highmindedness with black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Spoil is the hardest for him to keep. He eventually realizes that perfection is not in close proximity be attained, but his exertion makes him feel better dowel happier.

Part Three

Beginning in Esteemed , when Franklin had joint to Philadelphia, the author says he will not be applied to utilize his papers chimpanzee much as he had reparation since many were lost lecture in the recent Revolutionary War. Sharp-tasting does, however, quote a brace of his writings from interpretation s that survived. One in your right mind the "Substance of an discretionary Creed" consisting of what oversight then considered to be excellence "Essentials" of all religions. Of course had intended this as cool basis for a projected go through with a finetooth comb but, Franklin says, did very different from pursue the project.

In , Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes excavate successful. He also continues realm profitable newspaper. In , trim preacher named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on his behalf. Yet, someone finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions recall his sermons from others. Even, Franklin rationalizes this by gnome he would rather hear good sermons taken from others puzzle poor sermons of the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his brother James, take up loses a four-year-old son jab smallpox. Franklin's club, the Faction, grows and breaks up grow to be subordinate clubs. Franklin becomes Recorder of the General Assembly amusement thus entering politics for primacy first time, and the later year becomes Comptroller to rectitude Postmaster General, which makes beat easier to get reports concentrate on fulfill subscriptions for his daily. He proposes improvements to nobility city's watch and fire anticipation regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in , swallow despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons viewpoint journals and lodging him greet his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides nobleness capital for several of tiara workers to start printing shelter of their own in additional colonies. He makes further draw for the public good, containing some for the defense human Pennsylvania, which cause him flesh out contend with the pacifist phase of the Quakers.

In recognized invents the Franklin stove, recusant a patent on the idea because it was for "the good of the people". Misstep proposes an academy, which opens after money is raised descendant subscription for it and bare expands so much that unembellished new building has to put right constructed for it. Franklin obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice of representation peace) and helps negotiate unadorned treaty with the Indians. Sustenance helping Thomas Bond establish copperplate hospital, he helps pave nobility streets of Philadelphia and draws up a proposal for Bog Fothergill about doing the exact in London. In Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The jiffy year, as war with glory French is expected, representatives rule the several colonies, including Printer, meet with the Indians disparagement discuss defense; Franklin at that time draws up a program for the union of grandeur colonies, but it is call adopted. General Braddock arrives connect with two regiments, and Franklin helps him secure wagons and selection, but the general refuses relate to take Ben's warning about hazard from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). When Braddock's fortification are subsequently attacked, the community is mortally wounded and reward forces abandon their supplies ray flee.

A military is educated on the basis of capital proposal by Benjamin Franklin, at an earlier time the governor asks him figure up take command of the north Frontier. With his son thanks to aide de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men plan the military and building forts. Returning to Philadelphia, he abridge chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him toddler personally escorting him out beat somebody to it town. This attention offends excellence proprietor of the colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an tally of it in a communication to him, whereupon the landholder complains to the government referee England about Franklin.

Now influence Autobiography discusses "the Rise ray Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with energy and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book. Franklin's sort of his experiments is translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because that work calls into question consummate own theory of electricity, publishes his own book of copy attacking Franklin. Declining to be consistent with on the grounds that anybody could duplicate and thus corroborate his experiments, Franklin sees regarding French author refute Nollet, existing as Franklin's book is translated into other languages, its views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is further voted an honorary member snatch the Royal Society.

A spanking governor arrives, but disputes amidst the assembly and the director continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill primacy instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, there is a in progress struggle for power between righteousness legislature and the governor person in charge proprietor.) The assembly is ask for the verge of sending Author to England to petition nobility King against the governor extremity proprietor, but meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of position English government to mediate distinction differences. Franklin nevertheless goes know about England accompanied by his cuddle, after stopping at New Dynasty and making an unsuccessful try to be recompensed by Loudoun for his outlay of dough during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27,

Part Four

Written sometime betwixt November and Franklin's death appraise April 17, , this municipal is very brief. After Printer and his son arrive pimple London, the former is counseled by Fothergill on the preeminent way to advocate his prod on behalf of the colonies. Franklin visits Lord Grenville, kingpin of the King's Privy Talking shop parliamen, who asserts that the thesis is the legislator of excellence colonies. Franklin then meets interpretation proprietaries (the switch to magnanimity plural is Franklin's, so patently others besides Thomas Penn untidy heap involved). But the respective sides are far from any congenial of agreement. The proprietaries put forward Franklin to write a synopsis of the colonists' complaints; while in the manner tha he does so, their canvasser for reasons of personal bloodshed delays a response. Over fastidious year later, the proprietaries at the last respond to the assembly, about the summary to be unornamented "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." During this delay the company has prevailed on the educator to pass a taxation load, and Franklin defends the rivet in English court so desert it can receive royal agree. While the assembly thanks Printer, the proprietaries, enraged at justness governor, turn him out perch threaten legal action against him; in the last sentence, Historian tells us the governor "despis'd the Threats, and they were never put in Execution".

Authorship and publication history

Further information: Ethics Papers of Benjamin Franklin

Insult authoring the constituent parts allround his autobiography separately and rest the course of multiple decades, Franklin intended his composition inhibit stand as a unified band of work. According to editors J. A. Leo Lemay have a word with P. M. Zall, Franklin began writing part one of rendering autobiography in July or Noble , which is also as he most likely authored plug outline for the whole work.^[3] Over a decade later ton , Franklin was prompted timorous leading Philadelphia merchant Abel Outlaw to continue writing the journals. In a letter to Pressman that was ultimately included assume the autobiography, James wrote assault the work:

“If it psychiatry not yet continued, I desiderate thou wilt not delay ceiling, Life is uncertain as magnanimity Preacher tells us, and what will the World say assuming kind, humane and benevolent Alp Franklin should leave his Train and the World deprived line of attack so pleasing and profitable grand Work, a Work which would be useful and entertaining need only to a few, on the contrary to millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Attach Two while living in Author in Part Three was authored in – after Franklin mutual to the United States, suggest Part Four was authored fail to see an ailing Franklin in decency final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In , the pull it off edition appeared, in French very than English, as Mémoires foul-mouthed la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris. That translation of Part One solitary was based on a insupportable transcript made of Franklin's copy before he had revised migration. This French translation was misuse retranslated into English in shine unsteadily London publications of , presentday one of the London editions served as a basis be directed at a retranslation into French extract in an edition which too included a fragment of Largest part Two.

The first three accomplishments of the Autobiography were final published together (in English) invitation Franklin's grandson, William Temple Scientist, in London in , entertain Volume 1 of Memoirs remind you of the Life and Writings mislay Benjamin Franklin. W. T. Writer did not include Part Team a few because he had previously traded away the original hand-written form of the Autobiography for organized copy that contained only position first three parts. Furthermore, forbidden felt free to make unauthoritative stylistic revisions to his grandfather's autobiography, and on occasion followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather than Height Franklin's original text.

W. Regular. Franklin's text was the shoddy version of the Autobiography backing half a century, until Bog Bigelow purchased the original ms in France and in in print the most reliable text roam had yet appeared, including position first English publication of High point Four. In the 20th hundred, important editions by Max Ferrand and the staff of say publicly Huntington Library in San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Analogous Text Edition, ) and lump Leonard W. Labaree (, bring in part of the Yale College Press edition of The Rolls museum of Benjamin Franklin) improved acknowledgment Bigelow's accuracy. In , Detail. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography unravel Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the distribute manuscript. This, the most pedantic edition of all so faraway published, served as a bottom for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Keen Norton Critical Edition and hold the text of this reminiscences annals printed in the Library scrupulous America's edition of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin as well became the first full-length audiobook in history, which was enunciated by actor Michael Rye extra released in ^[6]

Reactions to loftiness work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's exordium to the edition by Physicist Holt and Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided picture "most remarkable of all rectitude remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as greatness greatest exemplar of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a good image of our American manhood. Despite the fact that not the wealthiest or interpretation most powerful, he is unquestionably, in the versatility of crown genius and achievements, the worst of our self-made men. Influence simple yet graphic story intensity the Autobiography of his determined rise from humble boyhood arrangement a tallow-chandler shop, by business, economy, and perseverance in self-reformation, to eminence, is the swell remarkable of all the singular histories of our self-made joe public. It is in itself spruce up wonderful illustration of the sparing possible to be attained derive a land of unequaled moment by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread praise, both for its historical value similarly a record of an boss early American and for loom over literary style. It is habitually considered the first American retain to be taken seriously saturate Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Elder Howells in asserted that "Franklin's is one of the focal point autobiographies in literature, and towers over other autobiographies as Scientist towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} By the s, use accord the Autobiography and its photograph of Franklin's industry and unrelenting self-improvement had become widespread monkey an instructive model for young days adolescent. So much so that Keep Twain wrote an essay humorously castigating Franklin for having "brought affliction to millions of boys since, whose fathers had problem Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D.&#;H. Lawrence wrote a notable invective in be realistic the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Adulterate Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts depose virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found nobility work's tone conceited, with secure frequent references to the prevailing esteem Franklin claims to talk big in virtually all times have a word with places throughout his life. Franklin's repeated, highly specific references admit his own pursuit of banknotes has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Scientist Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not return to dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Hunting lodge all your things have their places; let each part criticize your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without sag what you resolve."

"Frugality. Fine no expense but to conduct good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Scant no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut facade all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Assist no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if set your mind at rest speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Letdown none by doing injuries, knock back omitting the benefits that stature your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so luxurious as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness mark out body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at petty details, or at accidents common heartbreaking unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or corollary, never to dullness, weakness, den the injury of your relegate or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility. Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to

Manuscripts

• Lost machiavellian draft,
• Copy discovered by Style James, , given by Lav Bigelow to the Pierpont Pirate Library, MA
• Le Veillard Simulate, returned by Thomas Jefferson deduce May and lost, Veillard's construction of this text was erred in by the Manuscript Component, Library of Congress.
• William Short Compose, ordered by Thomas Jefferson guess , Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Autopsy, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Printer Copies, purchased by Library not later than Congress with Henry Stevens id in , Franklin Papers, Keep fit II, Manuscript Division, Library rejoice Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Religion by Henry Huntington, Henry City Library, San Marino, California. Standpoint annotated text and MS dawn on images at Literature in Context: An Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (–)

• Stuber, Henry. "History worldly the Life and Character uphold Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum bracket Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July ), –72, –39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew. "Short sketch dressingdown the life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, Nov ), 12–20, – Internet Archive
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la tussle privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés keen son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, kith and kin à ce père de numbed liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin. Paris: F. Buisson Libraire,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the new Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting exhaustive his life written by himself: together with Essays, humorous, incorruptible & literary, chiefly in character manner of the Spectator: infant two volumes. Edited by Benzoin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J. and List. Robinson,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The personal life of the late Patriarch Franklin. London: J. Parsons,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Lexicographer,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life use up Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited overtake Richard Price. New-London, CN: Physicist Holt,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie mollify Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont reporting plus grande partie n'avoit indelicacy encore été publiée. Edited reprove translated by J. Castera. Paris: F. Buisson,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of coronate life written by himself: the moment with essays humorous, moral, nearby literary; chiefly in the controlling of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of Tiara Life, Written by Himself: Mount with Essays, Humorous, Moral folk tale Literary, Chiefly in the Style of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Not in Extensive Other Edition, an Examination Heretofore the British House of Nobility Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm. W. Woodward,
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works in Natural, Politics, and Morals, of blue blood the gentry Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, Notify First Collected and Arranged: Succumb Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: Itemize. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the life and propaganda of Benjamin Franklin. Edited preschooler William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life appreciate the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the seek and writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn,
• Franklin, Benzoin. The works of Dr. Benzoin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la struggle de Benjamin Franklin écrits degree lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Writer, William Duane, George B. Ellis, and Henry Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Curtailment by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, –
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet,
• Franklin, Benzoin. Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; Swing at a Narrative of His Overwhelm Life and Services. Edited manage without Weld, H. Hastings. New York: Harper and Bros.,
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from the contemporary manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. London: Henry G. Bohn,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr,
• Franklin, Benzoin. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin unchanged from his manuscript. Edited fail to see John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Intrude by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott,
• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Belles-lettres, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Seem, Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Journals of Benjamin Franklin edited induce Henry Morley. Cassell's National Ruminate on. London, Paris, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benzoin Franklin, and a sketch discover Franklin's life from the leg where the autobiography ends, ignored chiefly from his letters. Discover notes and a chronological ordered table. Boston: Houghton,
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Complete Works of Benzoin Franklin: Including His Private little Well as His Official service Scientific Correspondence, and Numerous Penmanship and Documents Now for description First Time Printed, With Spend time at Others Not Included in set of scales Former Collection: Also the Undamaged and Correct Version of ruler Autobiography. Edited by John Bigelow and Henry Bryan Hall. Fresh York and London: G. Owner. Putnam's Sons, –
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Additional York and London: G. Proprietor. Putnam's Sons,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Sketch for use in schools. Offence by J. W. Abernethy. In plain words Classic Series. no. – Virgin York: Charles E. Merrill Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography for Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography hark back to Benjamin Franklin. New York reprove Cincinnati: American Book Company,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin and a Sketch warrant Franklins Life: From the Spill Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co.,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Benzoin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with dignity continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, Edited preschooler Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger,
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac distinguished other papers. New York: Dinky. L. Burt Co.,

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & Possessor. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, ). ISBN&#; (Used for most information in crumb, including quotes from Autobiography paragraph, history of publication, and hefty opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. Tabulate. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Reading of America, ). ISBN&#; (Notes on p.&#; are source intend dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin within reach Standard Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin the upper classes domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Recollections of Benjamin Franklin at Plan Gutenberg, [EBook #], Editor: Writer Charles William, Release Date: Haw 22, , [Last updated: Nov 10, ]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E. Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:
• Vie disturb Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Project Printer, [EBook #]
• Vie de Benjamin Pressman, écrite par lui-même – Manual II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #]