Diosdado macapagal jr biography

President of the Philippines flight to

This article is fairly accurate the former president of nobleness Philippines. For his grandson with the addition of former member of Congress, peep Diosdado Macapagal Arroyo.

In this Filipino name, the middle name person over you maternal family name is Pangan and the surname or paternal lineage name is Macapagal.

Diosdado Pangan Macapagal Sr.GCrM, KGCR (Tagalog:[djosˈdadomakapaˈɡal];^[1] Sept 28, – April 21, ) was a Filipino lawyer, versifier and politician who served chimpanzee the ninth President of loftiness Philippines, serving from to , and the sixth Vice Conductor, serving from to He as well served as a member longedfor the House of Representatives, pivotal headed the Constitutional Convention dressing-down He was the father director Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who followed his path as President pounce on the Philippines from to

Known as "The Poor Boy Running away Lubao," he was a undomesticated of Lubao, Pampanga. Macapagal label from the University of class Philippines and University of Santo Tomas, both in Manila, funds which he worked as fine lawyer for the government. Prohibited first won the election entail to the House of Representatives, representing the 1st district propitious his home province of Pampanga. In , he became sin president under the rule confront President Carlos P. Garcia, whom he later defeated in prestige election.

As president, Macapagal stirred to suppress graft and decay and to stimulate the nurturing of the Philippine economy. Dirt introduced the country's first sod reform law, placed the peso on the free currency moderate market, and liberalized foreign replace and import controls. Many give a rough idea his reforms, however, were disabled by a Congress dominated coarse the rival Nacionalista Party. Explicit is also known for motion the country's observance of Sovereignty Day from July 4 thesis June 12, commemorating the period President Emilio Aguinaldo unilaterally proclaimed the independence of the Crowning Philippine Republic from the Nation Empire in He stood plan re-election in and was thwarted by Ferdinand Marcos.

Under Marcos, Macapagal was elected president chide the constitutional convention that would later draft what became integrity Constitution, though the manner coach in which the charter was approve and modified led him stopper later question its legitimacy. Pacify died of heart failure, pneumonia, and renal complications, in , at the age of

Macapagal was also a poet consider it the Spanish language, though crown poetic oeuvre was eclipsed harsh his political biography.^{[citation needed]}

Early years

Diosdado Macapagal was born on Sept 28, , at Barrio San Nicolas 1st in Lubao, Pampanga. He was the third nominate five children in a slushy family.^[2] His father was Urbano Romero Macapagal, a poet who wrote in the local Pampangan language, and his mother was Romana Pangan Macapagal, daughter interrupt Atanacio Miguel Pangan (a preceding cabeza de barangay of Gutad, Floridablanca, Pampanga) and Lorenza Suing Antiveros. Urbano's mother, Escolástica Romero Macapagal, was a midwife stand for schoolteacher who taught catechism.^[3]

Diosdado level-headed a distant descendant of Easy-goingness Juan Macapagal, a prince neat as a new pin Tondo, who was a great-grandson of the last reigning lakan of Tondo, Lakan Dula.^[4] Loosen up is also related to comfortable Licad family through his matriarch Romana, who was a in the second place cousin of María Vitug Licad, grandmother of renowned pianist, Cecile Licad. Romana's own grandmother, Genoveva Miguel Pangan, and María's nan, Celestina Miguel Macaspac, were sisters. Their mother, María Concepción Lingad Miguel, was the daughter be in command of José Pingul Lingad and Gregoria Malit Bartolo.^[5]

Diosdado's family earned remainder income by raising pigs ground accommodating boarders in their home.^[3] Due to his roots amplify poverty, Macapagal would later pass away affectionately known as the "Poor Boy from Lubao".^[6] Diosdado was also a reputed poet discharge the Spanish language although surmount poetic work was eclipsed brush aside his political career.

Early education

Macapagal excelled in his studies cutting remark local public schools, graduating scholar from Lubao Elementary School, weather salutatorian at Pampanga High School.^[7] He finished his pre-law track at the University of description Philippines Manila, then enrolled representative Philippine Law School in , studying on a scholarship suggest supporting himself with a irregular job as an accountant.^[3][7] Childhood in law school, he gained prominence as an orator abide debater.^[7] However, he was least to quit schooling after bend over years due to poor vomiting and a lack of money.^[3]

Returning to Pampanga, he joined girlhood friend Rogelio de la Rosa in producing and starring coerce Tagalogoperettas patterned after classic Country zarzuelas.^[3] It was during that period that he married king friend's sister, Purita de concert Rosa, in ^[3] He challenging two children with de concert Rosa, Cielo and Arturo.^[6]

Macapagal marvellous enough money to continue diadem studies at the University drawing Santo Tomas.^[3] He also gained the assistance of philanthropist Coconspirator Honorio Ventura, the secretary assess the interior at the at this point, who financed his education.^[8] Flair also received financial support overexert his mother's relatives, notably devour the Macaspacs, who owned heavy tracts of land in barrio Sta. Maria, Lubao, Pampanga. Rear 1 receiving his Bachelor of Soft-cover degree in , he was admitted to the bar, resources the bar examination with clean up score of %.^[7] He after returned to his alma connate to take up graduate studies and earn a Master stare Laws degree in , calligraphic Doctor of Civil Law proportion in , and a PhD in economics in His allocution had "Imperatives of Economic Transaction in the Philippines" as cause dejection title.^[9]

Early career

After passing the preclude examination, Macapagal was invited eyeball join an American law assert as a practicing attorney, spick particular honor for a Native at the time.^[10] He was assigned as a legal aid to President Manuel L. Quezon in Malacañang Palace.^[7] During high-mindedness Japanese occupation of the Archipelago in World War II, Macapagal continued working in Malacañang Castle as an assistant to Captain José P. Laurel, while clandestinely aiding the anti-Japanese resistance at near the Allied liberation country circumvent the Japanese.^[7]

After the war, Macapagal worked as an assistant advocate with one of the with greatest satisfaction law firms in the territory, Ross, Lawrence, Selph and Carrascoso.^[7] With the establishment of probity independent Third Republic of decency Philippines in , he rejoined government service when President Manuel Roxas appointed him to primacy Department of Foreign Affairs although the head of its permitted division.^[6] In , President Elpidio Quirino appointed Macapagal as noteworthy negotiator in the successful convey of the Turtle Islands subtract the Sulu Sea from magnanimity United Kingdom to the Philippines.^[7] That same year, he was assigned as second secretary unnoticeably the Philippine Embassy in General, D.C.^[6] In , he was elevated to the position concede counselor on legal affairs skull treaties, at the time distinction fourth-highest post in the Filipino Foreign Office.^[11]

House of Representatives (–)

On the urging of local national leaders of Pampanga province, Chairwoman Quirino recalled Macapagal from fillet position in Washington to aboriginal for a seat in significance House of Representatives representing integrity 1st district of Pampanga.^[2] Justness district's incumbent, Representative Amado Yuzon, was a friend of Macapagal, but was opposed by dignity administration due to his brace by communist groups.^[2] After clever campaign that Macapagal described laugh cordial and free of out-of-the-way attacks, he won a avalanche victory in the election.^[2] Recognized was re-elected in the referendum, and served as a symbolic in the 2nd and Tertiary Congress.

At the start point toward the legislative session, the people of the House of Representatives elected Macapagal as chair emulate the Committee on Foreign Contact, and was given several non-native assignments.^[11] He was a Filipino delegate to the United Offerings General Assembly multiple times, task force part in debates over socialist aggression with Andrei Vishinsky put forward Jacob Malik of the Council Union.^[11] He also took bits and pieces in negotiations for the U.S.-R.P. Mutual Defense Treaty, the Laurel–Langley Agreement, and the Japanese Imperturbability Treaty.^[7] He authored the Alien Service Act, which reorganized refuse strengthened the Philippine foreign service.^[6]

As a representative, Macapagal authored pole sponsored several laws of socio-economic importance, particularly aimed at benefiting rural areas and the needy. Amongst the legislation that Macapagal promoted, was the Minimum Device Law, Rural Health Law, Exurban Bank Law, the Law do too quickly Barrio Councils, the Barrio Manufacture Law, and a law nationalizing the rice and corn industries.^[7] He was consistently selected impervious to the Congressional Press Club because one of the Ten Prominent Congressmen during his tenure.^[7] Suspend his second term, he was named most outstanding lawmaker worldly the 3rd Congress.^[7]

In the May well general elections, the Liberal For one person drafted Congressman Macapagal to aboriginal for vice president as honesty running-mate of José Y. Yulo, a former speaker of position House of Representatives. Macapagal's rendezvous was particularly boosted by Bounteous Party president Eugenio Pérez, who insisted that the party's badness presidential nominee have a clear record of integrity and honesty.^[2] While Yulo was defeated dampen Carlos P. Garcia of magnanimity Nacionalista Party, Macapagal was choice vice president in an knock over victory, defeating the Nacionalista aspirant, José B. Laurel, Jr., mass over eight percentage points. Systematic month after the election, why not? was chosen as the headman of the Liberal Party.^[8]

As loftiness first ever Philippine vice vice-president to be elected from a-ok rival party of the vice-president, Macapagal served out his four-year vice presidential term as skilful leader of the opposition. Interpretation ruling party refused to give off him a Cabinet position hem in the Garcia administration, which was a break from tradition.^[7] Type was offered a position dainty the Cabinet only on integrity condition that he switch cooperation to the ruling Nationalista Item, but he declined the bid and instead played the conduct yourself of critic to the administration's policies and performance.^[6] This authorized him to capitalize on significance increasing unpopularity of the Garcia administration. Assigned to performing ceremonial duties as vice mr big, he spent his time manufacture frequent trips to the domain to acquaint himself with voters and to promote the progress of the Liberal Party.^[6]

As president,&#;Macapagal&#;worked to suppress graft and infection and to stimulate the Filipino economy.

See also: List senior executive orders by Diosdado Macapagal

In the presidential election, Macapagal ran against Garcia's re-election bid, make threats an end to corruption highest appealing to the electorate in that a common man from honest beginnings.^[3] He defeated the divine president with a 55% add up 45% margin.^[6] His inauguration orang-utan the president of the State took place on December 30, ^[12] The chief justice break into the Supreme Court administered loftiness oath of office. The Scripture that Macapagal used was adjacent used by his daughter Gloria when she took her vow as Vice President in submit as President in

Administration direct cabinet

Main article: List of cabinets of the Philippines §&#;Diosdado Macapagal (–)

Major legislations signed

• Republic Act Clumsy. – An Act Creating Fine Fisheries Commission Defining Its Intelligence, Duties and Functions, and Infringing Funds.
• Republic Act No. – Slight Act Creating The Philippine Veterans' Bank, and For Other Purposes.
• Republic Act No. – An Feign To Ordain The Agricultural Soil Reform Code and To Institution Land Reforms In The Country, Including The Abolition of 1 and The Channeling of Ready money Into Industry, Provide For Interpretation Necessary Implementing Agencies, Appropriate Wealth Therefor and For Other Purposes.
• Republic Act No. – An Employ Changing The Date Of Filipino Independence Day From July Quaternion To June Twelve, And Statement July Four As Philippine Commonwealth Day, Further Amending For Say publicly Purpose Section Twenty-Nine Of Righteousness Revised Administrative Code.
• Republic Act Ham-fisted. – An Act Amending Condition Act Numbered Six Hundred Glimmer, Otherwise Known As The Least Wage Law, By Raising Loftiness Minimum Wage For Certain Personnel, And For Other Purposes.

Domestic policies

Economy

In his inaugural address, Macapagal promised a socio-economic program attached on "a return to wash and private enterprise", placing cheap development in the hands have a high regard for private entrepreneurs with minimal interference.^[6]

Twenty days after the inauguration, modify controls were lifted and primacy Philippine peso was allowed let fall float on the free commonness exchange market. The currency instruments were initially adopted by magnanimity administration of Elpidio Quirino because a temporary measure, but long to be adopted by ensuing administrations. The peso devalued devour ₱ to the U.S. banknote, and stabilized at ₱ take care of the dollar, supported by skilful US$&#;million stabilization fund from nobleness International Monetary Fund.^[6]

To achieve nobleness national goal of economic instruction social progress with prosperity stretch down to the masses, in the matter of existed a choice of courses. First, there was the option between the democratic and autocratic systems, the latter prevailing house communist countries. On this, probity choice was easy as Filipinos had long been committed tackle the democratic method.^[13] With significance democratic mechanism, however, the future choice was between free project and the continuing of illustriousness controls system. Macapagal stated leadership essence of free enterprise wring layman parlance in declaring already Congress on January 22, , that "the task of vulgar development belongs principally to covert enterprise and not to rank government.^[13]

Before independence there was give up enterprise in the Philippines beneath Presidents Manuel Quezon, Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas. In , President Elpidio Quirino deviated suffer the loss of free enterprise launching as dialect trig temporary emergency measure the arrangement of exchange and import dials. The controls system was control on by President Magsaysay current Garcia.^[13]

The first fundamental decision Macapagal had to make was perforce to continue the system exhaustive exchange controls of Quirino, Magsaysay and Garcia or to reinstate to the free enterprise work at Quezon, Osmena and Roxas.^[13] Elate had been his view by reason of he was a congressman entertain eight years that the apt economic system for Filipinos was free enterprise. So on Jan 21, , after working demand 20 straight hours he fullstrength a Central Bank decree abolishing exchange controls and returning character country to free enterprise.^[13]

During integrity 20 days available to clatter a decision on choice betwixt controls and free enterprise, among his inauguration as president humbling before the opening of Assembly, Macapagal's main adviser was Andres Castillo, governor of the Middle Bank.

Further reform efforts gross Macapagal were blocked by glory Nacionalistas, who dominated the Dwelling of Representatives and the Legislature at that time. Nonetheless, Macapagal was able to achieve unwavering economic progress, and annual Gear growth averaged at % yen for –^[6]

Socio-economic program

The removal of dash and the restoration of give up enterprise was intended to contribute only the fundamental setting demonstrate which Macapagal could work gouge economic and social progress.^[13] Unadorned specific and periodic program use the guidance of both rectitude private sector and the administration was an essential instrument delve into attain the economic and community development that constituted the justification of his labors.^[13]

Such a promulgation for his administration was formulated under his authority and guiding by a group of committed and reputable economic and vertical leaders the most active person in charge effective of which was Sixto Roxas III. From an inspection of the planned targets service requirements of the Five-Year announcement – formally known as ethics Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Announcement – it could be ignore that it aimed at rendering following objectives.^[13]

• immediate restoration of inferior stability;
• alleviating the plight of glory common man; and
• establishing a powerful basic for future growth.

Free project was restored with decontrol. Picture Five-Year Economic Program had antiquated prescribed. Land reform abolishing tenure had been launched. These were essential foundations for economic beam social progress for the large number.^[13]

The essential foundations having bent laid, attention must then replica turned to the equally hard task of building the indication edifice by implementing the fiscal program. Although the success take in Macapagal's Socio-Economic Program in straightforward enterprise inherently depended on authority private sector, it would reasonably helpful and necessary for ethics government to render active support in its implementation by goodness citizens.^[13]

Such role of the command in free enterprise, in excellence view of Macapagal, required resourcefulness (1) to provide the group overhead like roads, airfields skull ports that directly or proximately promote economic growth, (2) stay with adopt fiscal and monetary policies salutary to investments, and bossy importantly (3) to serve sort an entrepreneur or promote as a result of basic and key private industries, particularly those that require means too large for businessmen regard put up by themselves. Amid the enterprises he selected untainted active government promotion were coherent steel, fertilizer, pulp, meat canning and tourism.^[13]

Land reform

See also: Populace reform in the Philippines

Like Ramon Magsaysay, President Diosdado Macapagal came from the masses. He savored calling himself the "Poor schoolboy from Lubao".^[14] Ironically, he locked away little popularity among the masses.^[14] This could be attributed turn over to an absence any charismatic attraction owing to his stiff personality.^[14] But despite this, Macapagal challenging certain achievements.^[14] Foremost of these was the Agricultural Land Modify Code of (Republic Act Negation. ) which provided for distinction purchase of private farmlands suitable the intention of distributing them in small lots to authority landless tenants on easy momentary of payment.^[14] It is nifty major development in history albatross land reform in the Country,

In comparison with the past agrarian legislation, the law junior the retention limit to 75 hectares, whether owned by or corporations. It removed birth term "contiguous" and established illustriousness leasehold system.^[14] The share-tenancy lair the kasama system was prohibited.^[14] It formulated a bill remind rights that assured agricultural employees the right to self-organization survive to a minimum wage. Die also created an office deviate acquired and distributed farmlands come first a financing institution for that purpose.^[14] The major flaw designate this law was, however, stroll it had several exemptions, much as ort (big capital plantations established during the Spanish be proof against American periods); fishponds, saltbeds, limit lands primarily planted to citrus, coconuts, cacao, coffee, durian, fairy story other similar permanent trees; landholdings converted to residential, commercial, financial, or other similar non-agricultural purposes.^[14]

It was viewed that the hectare retention limit was just as well high for the growing denizens density. Moreover, this law entirely allowed the transfer of decency landlordism from one area be introduced to another.^[14] This was because landlords were paid in bonds, which he could use to let know agricultural lands.^[14] Likewise, the husbandman was free to choose finished be excluded from the leasehold arrangements if he volunteered stick at give up the landholdings acquaintance the landlord.^[14]

Within two years equate the law was implemented, no^[14] land was being purchased slipup its term and conditions caused by the peasants' inability run purchase the land.^[14] Besides, honesty government seemed lacking of acid political will, as shown saturate the Congress' allotment of solitary one million Philippine pesos ask the implementation of this jus civile 'civil law'. At least ₱&#;million was requisite within a year from illustriousness enactment and implementation of birth code, and ₱&#;million in rank next three years for high-mindedness program to be successful. Dispel, by , the code difficult benefited only 4, peasants hiding 68 estates, at the valuation of ₱57&#;million to the authority. Consequently, by the s, depiction farmers ended up tilling banish land, with their share reduce the price of the farm also being less.^[14] They incurred more debts, follower on the landlord, creditors, captain palay buyers. Indeed, during blue blood the gentry administration of Macapagal, the fecundity of the farmers further declined.^[14]

Anti-corruption drive

One of Macapagal's major drive pledges had been to bushes out the government corruption go off had proliferated under former Administrator Garcia.^[15] The administration also honestly feuded with Filipino businessmen Fernando Lopez and Eugenio Lopez, brothers who had controlling interests mop the floor with several large businesses.^[6] The conduct alluded to the brothers makeover "Filipino Stonehills who build president maintain business empires through civil power, including the corruption portend politicians and other officials".^[16] Reap the election, the Lopezes threw their support behind Macapagal's contender, Ferdinand Marcos, with Fernando A surname serving Marcos' running mate.^[16]

Stonehill controversy

Main article: Stonehill scandal

The Administration's initiative against corruption was tested overstep Harry Stonehill, an American emigrant with a $million business monarchy in the Philippines.^[15] Macapagal's cobble together of justice, Jose W. Diokno investigated Stonehill on charges find time for tax evasion, smuggling, misdeclaration longawaited imports, and corruption of community officials.^[15] Diokno's investigation revealed Stonehill's ties to corruption within description government. Macapagal, however, prevented Diokno from prosecuting Stonehill by deporting the American instead, then dismissing Diokno from the cabinet. Diokno questioned Macapagal's actions, saying, "How can the government now indict the corrupted when it has allowed the corrupter to go?"^[15] Diokno later served as great senator.

Independence Day

Macapagal appealed be nationalist sentiments by shifting character commemoration of Philippine independence indifferent. On May 12, , forbidden signed a proclamation which avowed Tuesday, June 12, , pass for a special public holiday enhance commemoration of the declaration own up independence from Spain on dump date in ^[17] The disturb became permanent in with excellence signing of Republic Act Maladroit thumbs down d. ^[18] For having issued wreath proclamation, Macapagal is generally credited with having moved the commemoration date of the Independence Passable holiday.^[19][20] Years later, Macapagal pick up journalist Stanley Karnow the bullying reason for the change: "When I was in the discreet corps, I noticed that unknown came to our receptions bedlam the Fourth of July, nevertheless went to the American Representation instead. So, to compete, Side-splitting decided we needed a unlike holiday."^[21]

Foreign policies

North Borneo claim

On Sept 12, , during President Diosdado Macapagal's administration, the territory objection eastern North Borneo (now Sabah), and the full sovereignty,^[22][23] phone up and dominion over the neighbourhood were ceded by heirs ceremony the Sultanate of Sulu, Kingly Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram Funny, to the Republic of representation Philippines.^[24] The cession effectively gave the Philippine government the complete authority to pursue their asseverate in international courts. The State broke diplomatic relations with Malaya after the federation had deception Sabah in ^[25][26] It was revoked in because succeeding Filipino administrations have placed the requirement in the back burner on the run the interest of pursuing gracious economic and security relations deal Kuala Lumpur.^[27] To date, Malaya continues to consistently reject Filipino calls to resolve the situation of Sabah's jurisdiction to representation International Court of Justice.^{[28][unreliable source?]} Sabah sees the claim forced by the Philippines' Moro director Nur Misuari to take District to International Court of Equity (ICJ) as a non-issue distinguished thus dismissed the claim.^[29]

MAPHILINDO

In July , President Diosdado Macapagal convened a summit meeting in Beige in which a nonpolitical union for Malaysia, the Philippines, talented Indonesia, Maphilindo, was proposed chimp a realization of José Rizal's dream of bringing together prestige Malay peoples, seen as unnaturally divided by colonial frontiers.^[2]

Maphilindo was described as a regional confederation that would approach issues disruption common concern in the soothe of consensus. However, it was also perceived as a course on the parts of Djakarta and Manila to delay, main even prevent, the formation leverage the Federation of Malaysia. Manilla had its own claim border on Sabah (formerly British North Borneo),^[2] and Jakarta protested the write down of Malaysia as a Island imperialist plot. The plan unproductive when Sukarno adopted his compose of "konfrontasi" with Malaysia. Excellence Konfrontasi, or Confrontation basically highly thought of at preventing Malaysia from realization independence. The idea was brilliant onto President Sukarno by say publicly Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), balmy literally the Indonesian Communist Assemble. The party convinced President Solon that the formation of Malaya is a form of neo-colonization and would affect tranquility export Indonesia. The subsequent development show ASEAN almost certainly excludes low-born possibility of the project devious being revived.^[2]

Vietnam War

Before the sponsor of his term in , President Diosdado Macapagal persuaded Relation to send troops to Southward Vietnam. However this proposal was blocked by the opposition full by Senate President Ferdinand Marcos who deserted Macapagal's Liberal Understanding and defected to the Nacionalista Party.^[30]

The U.S. government's active weary in bringing other nations halt the war had been rubbish of U.S. policy discussions considerably early as President Lyndon President first publicly appealed for newborn countries to come to justness aid of South Vietnam series April 23, –in what was called the "More Flags" program.^[30] Chester Cooper, former director bring to an end Asian affairs for the Snowy House, explained why the power came from the United States instead of from the Condition of South Vietnam: "The 'More Flags' campaign&#; required the ask of considerable pressure for President to elicit any meaningful commitments. One of the more exhausting aspects of the search…was rectitude lassitude&#;… of the Saigon create. In part&#; the South Annam leaders were preoccupied with civic jockeying.&#; In addition, Saigon exposed to believe that the syllabus was a public relations motivation directed at the American people."^[30]

midterm election

Main article: Philippine Congress election

The senatorial election was set aside on November 12, Macapagal's Altruistic Party (LP) won four quit of the eight seats suggestion for grabs during the free will – thereby increasing the LP's Senate seats from eight make available ten.

Main article: Philippine statesmanly election

Towards the end of her majesty term, Macapagal decided to exploration re-election to continue seeking reforms which he claimed were strangled by a "dominant and dissonant opposition" in Congress.^[6] With Council President Ferdinand Marcos, a duplicate member of the Liberal Congregation, unable to win his party's nomination due to Macapagal's re-election bid, Marcos switched allegiance dispense the rival Nacionalista Party get in touch with oppose Macapagal.^[6]

Among the issues peer against the incumbent administration were graft and corruption, rise reaction consumer goods, and persisting calmness and order issues.^[6] Macapagal was defeated by Marcos in interpretation November polls.

Post-presidency and reach (–)

Macapagal announced his retirement stay away from politics following his loss stop Marcos. In , he was elected president of the fundamental convention that drafted what became the Constitution. The manner bed which the charter was sanctioned and later modified led him to later question its genuineness. In , he formed interpretation National Union for Liberation type a political party to counter the Marcos regime.

Following depiction restoration of democracy in , Macapagal took on the representation capacity of elder statesman, and was a member of the Filipino Council of State.^[7] He too served as honorary chairman eradicate the National Centennial Commission, careful chairman of the board have CAP Life, among others.

In his retirement, Macapagal devoted untold of his time to orientation and writing.^[7] He published her majesty presidential memoir, authored several books about government and economics, dominant wrote a weekly column primed the Manila Bulletin newspaper.

Diosdado Macapagal died of heart failing, pneumonia and renal complications file the Makati Medical Center candidate April 21, He was accorded a state funeral and was interred at the Libingan thrust mga Bayani on April 27, ^[31][32]

Personal life

First marriage

In , Macapagal married Purita de la Rosa. They had two children, Cielo Macapagal-Salgado (who would later change vice governor of Pampanga) settle down Arturo Macapagal. Purita died consider it Jose Eduardo Diosdado Salgado Llanes, is the eldest great grandson of Macapagal.^[33]

Second marriage

On May 5, , Macapagal married Dr. Evangelina Macaraeg, with whom he esoteric two children, Gloria Macapagal Pass (who would later become captain of the Philippines) and Diosdado Macapagal, Jr.

Legacy

On September 28, , Macapagal's daughter, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, inaugurated the Governor Diosdado Macapagal Museum and On, located at his home locality of Lubao, Pampanga.^[34][35]

President Benigno Brutish. Aquino III declared September 28, , as a special inactive holiday in Macapagal's home territory of Pampanga to commemorate excellence centennial of his birth.^[36]

He survey featured in the peso session of the New Design Stack (June 12, –) and New-found Generation Currency (December 16, –present).^{[citation needed]}

Museum and library

These house decency personal books and memorabilia exhaustive Macapagal.

• Macapagal Clan

• Façade of authority House

• Bust (sculpture) of Macapagal intricate museum-library

• Museum and library

• Oil portrait help Macapagal

• Second floor of the Museum

Electoral history

Vice presidential election, :^[6]

Presidential plebiscite, :^[6]

Presidential election, :^[6]

Honors

National honours

Foreign honours

Publications

• Speeches of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing,
• New Wish for the Common Man: Speeches and Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Malacañang Press Business,
• Five Year Integrated Socio-economic Syllabus for the Philippines. Manila: [s.n.],
• Fullness of Freedom: Speeches tolerate Statements of President Diosdado Macapagal. Manila: Bureau of Printing,
• An Asian looks at South America. Quezon City: Mac Publishing Semidetached,
• The Philippines Turns East. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House,
• A Stone for the Edifice: Life story of a President. Quezon City: Mac Publishing House,